Clip retaining means for garand rifles



A ril 22, 1952 R. G. WALLENHORST CLIP RETAINING MEANS FOR GARAND RIFLES 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 22, 1949 CBL OP INVENTOR wdllenhorsc ichqrd 6:

m m M ATTORNEY$ April 22, 1952 R. WALLENHORST RETAINING MEANS FOR GARAND RIFLES CLIP Filed Jan. 22, 1949 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 A T R EYS April 22, 1952 R. G. WALLENHORST CLIP RETAINING MEANS FOR GARAND RIFLES 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 22, 1949 W QHPEL lllll II... N

INVENTOR Richard G. WaHenhorst \"aflm April 22, 1952 R. G. WALLENHORST CLIP RETAINING MEANS FOR GARAND RIFLES 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 22, 1949 INVENTOR Rich rd GWalLenhor-st 1- I tuMLk AT I'ORNE v5 April 22, 1952 R. G. WALLENHORST 2,594,237

CLIP RETAINING MEANS FOR GARAND RIFLES Filed Jan. 22, 1949 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Figure 11- INVENTOR R'lchar'd G! Wallenhorsc BY 3 1, v9

AT ORNEY5 Patented Apr. 22, 1952 GIJIP RETAINING MEANS -FORGAR'AND V. ,RIFLES Jtichard G..Wal1enhorst, Glendale; N. Y. Applicationl January 22, 1949; Serial?Nor72,156

be obvious herefrom,iormay.-be-learnedrby prac- I tice= with :the invention, the: samezbein'g. realized and attained-by l-means of:.the zinstrumentalities and combinations epointedmutzrin the-:appended claims.

The :inventionconsists: inrthe novel :parts; constructions;arrangements; combinationszand improvements herein shown'zandcdescribe'd.

The accompanying, drawings; referredi to :herein :and constitutingea;partihereofgillustrate rone ,-embodiment; of'- the; invention, ".arid'ztogether :with the ;description, servettoazexplainirthe; principles of the invention.

Of the drawings: Fig. .1: is aside -elevaition.:ofiithezzreceiverz with :part: of the: rightluhandr sidezofizzthe clip "housing still showing, with a; retained "clip: being-reloaded while 1 still in fthe :receiver; :and :-the :cli-pcejector spring? lock inv thefonf position ;-and showingz'this invention with f relationfito :ithe trigger :z'a-nd L the :barrel and receiver groups of i the :standardirifle Fig. :2' is; a ;.side relevationzioffithei receiverrwith part ofithezright hand side" of the; zclinhousing still showing; with :the cartridge 'retainer'in; place,

the :receiver fullylareloaded .andiready; for :firing, and the clip ejector spring, lockiin'the .fofi :position,aand:showing thisvinvention: witlr relationzto only those; partstof therstandardrifietwhichtneed changes in design;

Fig. 3 is aside elevation'of: the inventionwith parts of: the;right. hand.;side of: the clip:hus-' ing still: showingrwith rtheipartsfin Iztheirr locked position ready :to receive ai'new .=:clip,' thezclip ejector spring lock .in the"off ;1position,:..and showing ,only those parts :of thecrifle which rare parts of this "invention. The :cartridge retainer and the. new clip are also parts i of this invention.

.Fig. 4 is an isometricdrawing ofpthe clip :housins;

Figs 5 is-a bottom' view: of the cartridge re- .tainer;

, Fig.6.is av rearview of'thecartridge retainer;

I 7 is .a. front. view. ofllthe. disassembled .clip eiectorspring lock;

Fig.8 Lis arear view of the..clip ejectorspring socket;

Fig. 9 is a view of the topedge of the clip; and

fig; 10 is a rear view of the clip.

Fig. '11 is a perspective view standing .to the rearybelow and; right, of the rifle, illustrating *the bolt-operating rod tandem with'the operating rod locked by the operating 'rodicatch assembly.

The invention is an improvement in the ,present. types of feeding mechanisms .nowlbeingiemeither lfiilly or isemieautomatlc. :As 'idescribed 2 'herein; it: 112151 13681]: appliedtmthe United .States resides in:thetrigger-mechanism.

The primarynobjects of the .invention'are-ato rprovide; increasedarou-ndcapacity; to provide: a clip whichcan be either expended'or retained-at the ;users "option and "to provide an improved operating rod catch assembly safety.

By increasing the deptl'iwof the -.receiver1"porrtion-of the rifle and by:- developinga new linkage ."between :the operating v rodwspring and thei-fol- .lOWGI slide; the capacity of the? rifle hasbeen :in-

creased-fron'l eight roundstotwenty rounds.

With" the dual purpose system for the. cartridge clip; the soldier may electv to consider the r clip :as :eith'er expendable, or to retain it :asantin- :tegral part of'therifle. If:he elects'toconsider it as expandable; the clip will be-automatically 'ejectedirom: the receiver when itrisem-pty. .-If he "considerst-he clip as notexpandable he can retain it .in the receiver of the rifle; 'thus permitting him :to load from oneto twenty rounds into the-clip, whether it. is empty or still partially filled. With-the-standard clip-fed. rifles, either a -full-clip=must :be-loaded, or singlerounds maybe loaded-by manually seating the individual rounds in the chamber,-as is the case .with-the-Garand rifle. .ltzis believedthatthisydual .purposesystan-combines the advantages of both a clipsand :armagazine without theaccompanying disadvanvtages.

1 When, anew-clip .has been inserted intothe .receiver of the Garand rifle, theoperating .rodis automatically released. Itsnaps forward, :carry- "ing-the'boltewith it, and seatingthe first round in the-chamber. When a-new clipisinserted'ainto the modified rifle; the "clip is locked in place,-.but the operating rod-remains locked to the rear. In

a order to release the'operatingi rod and bolt tandem,-the operating rodhandle must be pulled suflicientlyfar to the rear to disengage theoper- -ating rod fromithe operating rod catch. The operating rodis them free and the rifle thenzfunctions in tthetsame-manner as does the standard; M-l.

The small spring on the top of the operating rod catchthelps to keep the catch depressed until pressure from'the follower arm, acting through the cylindrical portion of the clip release arm, forces the catch upwards to engage the operating rod after the clip hasbeen emptied.

As the roundsarefired, pressure from theop- 9 ,erating rod ,spring --actuates. the .feeding Jnechanism by :causing .Jzhe. .jfollower arm, to,.rotate 6O about the zcentral lpivotiina. clockwise direction.

The follower and slide are continuously in contact with the lowest round in the clip and follow the rounds up inside the clip as they are stripped off from the top of the clip, as with the standard M-l.

When the clip is empty, it is automatically ejected by the clip ejector spring, providing the clip ejector spring lock is in the off position. The follower arm has rotated sufficiently far for the finger on it to cam the clip release arm and operating rod catch upward. The rotating of the clip release arm activates the mechanism on the left-hand side of the receiver which releases the clip. If the clip ejector spring lock is in the on position, the clip release mechanism will be activated as described above, but the ejector spring will be blocked in its attempt to eject the clip, and the dead weight of the clip will hold it in place until the first round has been loaded into the empty clip and the clip release mechanism once more locks the clip in place.

During the firing of the first couple of rounds from a full clip, the clip ejector spring bears on the lower front corner of the follower, acting as a booster to the force applied by the operating rod spring. The clip ejector spring lock, in either on or off position, does not interfere with this booster action.

The aforementioned ,operating rod catch assembly also acts as a safety device by locking the bolt to the rear until such time as the soldier deliberately releases it. The safety device eliminates the danger of the soldiers sustaining an M-l thumb, and permits the loading of a full clip into the receiver of the rifle when the soldier is wearin gloves. The loading of the clip is accomplished by pressure applied with the tips of the fingers instead of by the thumb, the advantage residing in the appreciably smaller crosssectional area of the fingers as compared with the corresponding area of the thumb. It is understood that a lever-type trigger has been developed by the Army, which, together with the safety device, permits both loading and firing of the rifle, even when the soldier is wearing gloves, whereas only firing had been possible before.

This invention may be constructed in various forms without departing from the spirit of the same, and it is understood that the drawings which are attached and made a part of this specification are for the purposes of illustration only and do not define the precise scope or limits of the invention.

All cartridges have been deleted from the drawings in the interests of greater simplicity. In referring to the drawings, all lettered parts are standard parts of the United States rifle, M-1, and are used in connection with this invention by way of illustrating its application to said rifle. All references contained herein to the sides of the rifle are to be taken as follows: The operating rod handle is on the right hand side of the rifle; clockwise rotation as when observing the rifle from said right hand side (all drawings have been made from the right hand side of the rifle) forward is towards the muzzle of the rifle (in these drawings, to the observers right); lateral motion is in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the paper; and translato'ry is in the plane of the paper and horizontal.

In order to more clearly demonstrate the differences between the feeding mechanism of the United States rifle, M-1 (Garand) and this in.-

vention, and the advantages of this invention over the standard feeding'mechanism of said rifle, the following is a brief description of the functioning of the M-1 rifle:

Starting with the parts of the rifle in the position that they assume immediately after the last cartridge has been fired and ejected and the empty clip has been ejected, the bolt and operating rod tandem is locked in its rear position and the receiver is open and clear, ready for the loading of a fresh clip. When a fresh clip is inserted into the top of the receiver, the follower and slide are depressed, causing the follower arm to be rotated counterclockwise. When the follower arm has been fully depressed, a shoulder on it cams the rear end of the accelerator lever upwards. The lever bears against the underside of the locking dovetail of the operating rod, said dovetail being held against the corresponding face of the operating rod catch by the pressure of the operating rod spring acting inside of and against the front end of the hollow operating rod. The accelerator lever, being urged upwards in a clockwise rotation around its pivot pin, cams the dovetail portions of the operating rod and catch apart, thus releasing the operating rod. As the rod moves to its forward position, it carries the bolt forward with it by means of a laterally projecting lug on the right hand side of the bolt which engages in a cam groove on the left hand side of the off-set portion of the operating rod, said portion extending rearwardly along the right hand side of the barrel. As the bolt moves forward, it strips a cartridge from the top of the clip and seats it in the chamber.

When the clip is being inserted into the receiver, the operating rod and the operating rod catch are cammed apart slightly in advance of the point when the clip is fully inserted and locked in the receiver. From the time that the operating rod is unlocked until the time that it moves forward, the presence of the partially inserted clip blocks the forward movement of the bolt, and hence also of the operating rod. Once the clip is fully inserted, the bolt snaps forward, sometimes catching, instead of the first cartridge from the clip, the soldiers thumb as it does so. This latter case would result in the soldiers sustaining what is commonly known as an M-l thumb, a rather painful injury that usually means the loss of the thumb nail.

When the first round is seated in the chamber, a pull on the trigger would cause the'cartridge to be fired. Under the pressure of the gases entering the gas expansion chamber through the gas port near the muzzle end of the barrel, the operating rod and bolt tandem is moved to the rear, compressing the operating rod spring. As the bolt moves to the rear, the empty shell is extracted and ejected. On the forward movement of the bolt and operating rod tandem, driven by thecompressed operating rod spring, the second cartridge is fed into the path of the bolt by the follower and slide. .The bolt strips the cartridge from the clip and seats it in the chamber, at which time the firing cycle is ready tobe repeated.

After the last round is ejected, the follower rod cams the operating rod catch into operative position, locking the operating rod and bolt tandem to the rear. The clip is automatically ejected from the top of the receiver and the weapon is cleared for a fresh clip. A full clip is inserted and the complete cycle is repeated.

With this-brief description of the functioning of the United States rifle,- M-1 serving as a pref- 'ace the following is a description of this invenrtiomas appliedtto said rifle. With reierencezto the accompanying drawings, :all lettered :;parts refer? to standard 1 parts of -said rifle, some vparts -being slightly .modified to accommodate this invention.

.In Fig. 3,;the. parts:of thearifleare in .the positionzthat they assume innnediatelyiaiter :ej ection aOf any empty, expendable .clip. The operating rod .catch assembly :iorms the lockithat holds .the bolt and operating irod tandem ;in :its1rear position .and which forms a slink between the .d'otatin'gdol'lower arm. andthe clip datchassem- Joly. The :operatingrod :ca'tch assembly, 1, :con-

.sists :of "the :operating rod catch .2, the operating hand side of the ibolt,..forming the operating 'rod and bolt tandem, and also has the operating iIOd .zhandle extending girom the right hand surface.

Theza-bove mentioned dovetail E3 will ride over the top 110i the operating rod catch 2, except when :the follower arm .I I .has beenrotated "sufdciently far to cause the dovetail groove 6 of the catch 2t1to engage the operating rod dovetail E3.

The *operating rod catch 2 is generally frectangular .in shape, although the rear end may he "rolmded, as illustrated for a neater appearance. .On the right-hand side:is a clearance cut Bier-the forward .foot Hi of the bullet guide l3. Near therear end is a hole .8 for the catch assembly pin E2. On the top of the catch and immediately to the rear of the front, top edge vis the dovetail groove which is so designed to engage the dovetail portion E3 of the operating rod. .Theinclined'snriaces of the dovetail are at such :an :angle that they will be held locked together by friction untilmanually released. The

portion of the top between the dovetail groove and the :front edge is slightly inclined to form a sliding surface for the dovetail of the operating rod to :ride over when it is travelling to the rear after the last cartridge has been fired. .Also on the top of the catch and immediately to the rear of the dovetail groove 5 is a recess H] for I engaging the bottom end of the operating .rod

catch assembly spring 23. This spring is :50 proportioned that it will act inbetween the'catch 2 and the bottom of the barrel D, with its bottom endrengaged in the recess H! in the catch and will prevent the catch "from engaging the operating rodexceptwhen pressure is'applied to the catch by the follower Operating on the left hand side and on the bottom :of the catch E-is the jclipirelease armll. Said arm 4 hasa hole ll near itsmiddle for .receiving the catch assembly pinEZ about which the arm rotates. At the forward end of the arm is the clip release arm cylinder ieitherintegrally formed or suitably attached thereto. The "cylinder 5 transmits the upward pressure of the .finger is of the follower arm ll to the bottom suriace of the catoh 2. The. combined height of the -.catch 210E the diameter of the-cylinder .5 and -Qf thelength, curvature, and the :angle ef :the

J6 finger are so designed that the-catch willinot be raised until the bolt H is to the rear afterthe extraction and ejection of .the last cartridge :from the receiver, and that 'when the "catch is raised, it will be moved enough to engage the operating .rod.

The .rear portion ofthe'clip release "arm A is curved to fit around the rear, bottom edge of the lbarrel. A slot! at the extreme rear-ofthe :arm '14 is so located and proportioned to engage the-projecting lug F2 which extends through the hole C2 i'inthe left hand side of the'receiverC. This lug F2 extends to the right from the clip latcharm F3. By :means of the slot 1 and :engaging 111g F2 connection, any rotation of either .the clip release arm 1401' of the .clip latch assembly F will cause a corresponding rotation of the engagedpart.

The operating rod :catch assembly .pin E2 is pivoted in the samehole C3 in the forward side walls of the receiver 0. as on the "standard weapon. There .is a counterbore on the outer surface .of the right hand side .wall of .the receiver to receive the shoulder on the pin E2. This :pin E2 engages the bullet guide 13 through the hole 15, .the operating rod catch 2.,ithrough the hole 8 and the clip :arm 5 through .the hole .ll

The :clip ejector spring look I 2 rotates ina hole 23 .in the .side .of the clip housing "43. The clip ejector spring socket 38 may be positioned 'TO'II eitherside of the .cliphousing 43 and determine the .ofi-set direction of :the center 'tribtl of the .follower 60, theiollower arm link 63,the locking finger ififivon'lthe follower, the forward stud .fifi'ion the follower'arm linkbfi, theistud 22 at the elbow ofxthe follower arm .lilpand the oiT-se't end l3 of thecperating :rod'springguide link 69. The'clip ejector spring 128, the clip ejector spring lock l2, and the clip ejector springsocket 38 will hereinafter he considered as being on the righthand side of thetclip housing 43 and the other parts oif-set accordingly. The clip ejector :spring lock .52 .con-

sistsof a resilient handle24, clip ejector spring lookrpivot .25, clip ejector spring lock bar 26, clip ejector spring lock stop 2?, clip ejeaor spring 28, and clip ejector. spring s0'cketi33. The lock handle 24 may be either formed integrally, or suita'bly attached itothe'p'ivot 25, and is used to (a) rotate thellock l2, and (b) toretain the lock l2 in its hole 23. The pressed-in nib '29 .on'the end of the handle 24 serves to locate the lock .in its two positions on when the nib fits into the .spotdrill 30 and ofi when it fits into the spotdrill .31 on the outsidessnrface of the right hand sidewall of 'theclip housing 43. The lock pivot 25 :is of :slightly:smaller diameter than the .ahole 23 :into which it is inserted on assembly. The cylindricaliportion of the pivot serves as alb'ear ing for the lock totpivotion. The finger 33 of the pivot .fits .into the slot 133 in the lock bar 26. When assembling .the lock, the lock pivot-and handle, which are permanently attached, fare insorted in line :hole 23, andipressed in 'sufficiently .farifto bring thecut-away portion of the finger- 33 1 .clearmf the. inside surface :of the side Wall of the clip :housing. "The lock bar 26. is :then slipped onto the pivot finger so'that the finger fits into the slot 34 in "the lock bar with the end of the finger'ifitting over :the step-35 in the slotfl l. The manual pressure on the. pivot is released and the lock handle 24 pulls the lock pivot and bar into theholeiii until theshoulder 35 on the barrcomes into nontactwith the. inner surface of the side xwalloofstheclip housing. Theshonlderlslnnxthe bariszor-rexactly the same-diameter asthecylin 2' drical portion, of the lock pivot, and so fits into the hole 23.

In the off position, the clip ejector spring lock is completely inoperative. The lock bar is thin enough so that it does not interfere with the movement of the follower arm ll. When the lock handle 2% is rotated clockwise so that the nib 29 fits into the on spotdrill 3B in the outer surface of the right hand side of the slip housing, the lock bar 26 has been rotated until it comes into contact with the. lock stop 27 which is a lug of suitable shape (cylindrical in the accompanying drawings) protruding from the inner surface of the right hand side of the clip housing a distance equal to the thickness of the lock bar and the clearance shoulder 36 and so located that when it stops the lock bar, the latter will have been rotated slightly beyond the vertical. It will be noted that the finger 33 on the lock pivot has been set at an angle to the longitudinal center line of the lock handle so that the handle will be vertical in the on position and horizontal in the off position.

In the on position, the end of the lock bar will come into contact with the clip ejector spring 28 when less than seventeen cartridges remain in the clip. The clip ejector spring is a piece of suitable resilient material of sufficient length to come into contact with the lower, right hand retaining lip 42 on the clip and to simultaneously fit into the clip ejector spring socket 38. Said socket is located directly below the hole in the forward locking arms of the clip housing, and against the same side inner surface as the lock stop 21. From the drawings, it can be seen that the slot G8 in the socket 38 has a stepped shape for retaining the spring 28 which can be forced in and out of the slot for maintenance purposes, and is held in the slot by its own resilience and curved shape. The spring has a slightly upturned forward end 49 to prevent translatory motion with the stepped slot preventing lateral motion. At the rear end of the spring is a lateral projection 55 which bears against the retaining lip 42 of the clip when the lock is in the off position and there are less than seventeen cartridges in the clip. During the firing of the first three cartridges, the spring bears against the bottom front edge of the follower 60 thereby acting as a booster spring to the force applied by the operating rod spring E during this period of firing.

For the purposes of this discussion, it has been assumed that the cartridge clip 39 is so proportioned to hold twenty cartridges" in a staggered, double row arrangement, although it may vary several cartridges, either more or less, depending on governmental requirements, and still remain within the spirit of this invention.

The cartridge clip 39 consists of a ribbed back 52 and two resilient sides 5|. The back 52 is of sufficient strength to withstand the tortional stresses and is ribbed 53 to reduce friction when it is being ejected, and said back being properly curved to conform to the angular displacement of the cartridges. At the rear edges of the sides 5| are two outwardly projecting guide ribs, curved similarly to the back and rectangular in cross-section. Said ribs 54 serve to guide the clip during insertion and ejection and to prevent the clip from walking around inside the receiver, by operating in the corresponding guide grooves (:44 and M in the side walls of the receiver and the ,clip housing, respectively. In the ribs 55 are twonotches 40, one in each'guide riband so cated as to engage the clip latch F4 no matter which end of the clip is inserted first. These notches are of sufiicient length so that they permit the hereinafter mentioned closing of the bolt over the top of a full clip.

There are two nibs 56, one on each side of the clip, projecting outwardly, which are so located and proportioned that the lowermost one will contact an obstruction on the wall of the receiver to cause the clip to be deflected to one side as it is ejected from the receiver. Immediately forward of the guide ribs 54 are two inwardly pro? jecting ribs 51, so located and proportioned to engage the extracting necks of the cartridges. These ribs 5'! stop a distance from the retaining lips ll and 42 equal to slightly more than the radius of a cartridge to permit the topmost cartridge to be stripped from the clip by the forward movement of the bolt. A continuation of these ribs 51 are the outwardly projecting friction spaces which extend the same distance vertically, which stop slightly short of the front edge to permit a bearing surface on cartridges two to nineteen of a full clip. Th sides 5| have been cut away at the top and bottom rear 58 to permit automatic loading of the clips. The back has been cut away at top and bottom 59 to allow clearance to permit the forwardly moving bolt to strip the topmost cartridge from the clip.

Immediately forward of the cut-away portions, 58, the sides 5| have been curved inwardly to form retaining lips Al and 42. By means of vertical pressure, these lips serve to retain the cartridges in the clip when the clip is being handled by the soldier. The upper ones also serve to prevent the cartridges from being pushed out of the top of the receiver by the upward pressure of follower and slide, while the lower, right hand one 42 serves as a surface for the clip ejector spring to act on when the clip is to be ejected from the receiver. The lips do not come together, but leave a space between sufficient to clear a single cartridge. The angle that the top and bottom edges of the sides form is such that the lips will lie fast against the end cartridges, and that they will lie along radii of the concentric circles with center at 85. The front edge of the sides form arcs of circles with center at 85.

In holding the cartridges in place in the rifle, the clip 39 forms the back and sides, the bottom surface of the bolt H and the upper retaining lips 4| form the top, the bullet guide I3, and the bullet guide shoulders 9! of the clip housing form the front, and the follower 60 and the follower slide G form the bottom of the cartridge enclosure. The bullet guide l3 consists of a forwardly projecting foot l4 and the main curved,

guiding portion H5. The foot It has a fiat top which rests squarely against the bottom of the barrel directly below the chamber D2 to prevent rotational movement, and has a hole It into which the pin E2 fits to lock the bullet guide in place. The foot extends forwardly, along the right hand side of the operating rod catch 2 and is sandwiched in between the catch and the forwardly projecting side wall of the receiver. The curved guiding portion [5 extends generally downward from the rear face of the barrel, and the front and rear surfaces are arcs of concentric circles with their center at 85. The rear surface may be further located by stating that it will bear against the noses of the cartridges and prevents misalignment of the cartridges.

The bullet guide, as its name implies serves to guide the cartridges into position to be loaded into the. chamber by the bolt; Due to the friction. between the first and second; cartridgesin the formerly occupied bythe first cartridge',.the-boltwould try to push themisalignedcartridge under: the barrel instead of feeding: itinto the. chamber; The presence of the: bullet; guide prevernisiv the misalignment .of the second? cartridge by providiing a surface for the nose of .the cartridgetonbutt.

against; By placing the: centerrof. the concentric. circles that determine the arcuate-surfaces'. of' the curved portion l5 at the point. 85; the, rearsurtface of the curved portion. will form acontinua'e' tion of the bullet guide shoulders. at on: the clip. housing. The cartridges are keptin theproper' translatory alignment by the bullet-guide and; the bullet guide shoulders as. they are fedi upwardby' the follower and slide.

The follower. slide G. is:.the' same aszin the standard United States rifle .M-I as. is. indicated by the designating ofthe: partby a; letter instead. of. by a number: It's functioning; and. purposes. are unchanged.

The follower slide G operates on top off the follower Bil. The top of the follower. Gil i :.an exact duplicate of; the top of the corresponding part in the M-1 rifle; in-orderfortitto operatain cooperation. with the standard follower: slide. The guide lugs on the sidesofthe: standard follower have been removedand'. the arcuatezguiding. of the follower and slide have beenzdelegated to the follower guide pin;62..- The slottectportion on the bottom of thelstandard follower .hasbeen re-tplaced by a more. positiive'pin pivot; The follower arm. link 63 operates in; between the" centeitrib- 6i and the locking finger 66; both on thebottonr of the follower, with the follower guide pin 62 operating in the .hole 61. in. the centerrib- The sandwiching of the follower arm. link; 6311f beatween the center rib GI; and: the locking finger; B6 prevents lateralmovement of. thefollower" 60: since the follower guide. pin and the followeniarm. link are either integrally formed. or suitably: at.- tached. Laterall movement-of the followeryguide pin is' preventedby its. being: of the proper? length. to operate in the guidegroovesmthe sidesof the" receiver and clip housing'c lfi and;45;,resplectively. The forward end of the follower? armtlink 63 has. a cylindrical projection 64,. either: integrally formed or suitably attached, which. operates. in; the hole til at the reariend of the follower'a'rm. ll. The follower armlink fits on the side of the fol-:- lower arm away from? thetclip; ejector spring for clearance purposes.

The follower arm link, 63-, with guide: pizr 62 attached, is assembledcntc the follower 69 by placing the bottom edge'of' the linkflat against the bottom of the follower,.withthe guide: pin endforemost. Theguide pin is? then fitte'd cinto the'ho'le in the center rib of. the fOllOWGIfllildithG- pin and link unit Sil is moved laterally'until the link passes through the cut-away portion forming the finger stand comes into contact-with the left hand side of the center rib. The pin andv link unit isthen properly aligned laterally ,tofit into'the opening between the finger and the center rib. By rotating the .unit counterclockwise,-

the-unit 68.1 and. the: follower Biliwi-ll be locked: together.

Thefollower arm. I1 is a: flat, L-shaped piece of metal which fits. into the forward portion, of. the cliphousing to. change the translatory' pres:- sure Ofiitll' operating: rod'spring; into the. verticalpressure: of thefollowerand: slide. At. the. elbow of. the: follower arm. is:either a cylindrical lug. integrally formed,vv or? a St'lldl suitably attached. This stud 22 engages; in the C-shapged. clot: 'M' in.the:oif.-set end 13 of: the operatingarodrspring V guiderlinkfill'. Thestud 22.:lias'a shoulder H on:

it to preventlaterali movement of the link 69' with respect; to thefoll'ower; arm. Near' the end of; the short'leg of the follower; arm; isan. Ell". larged portion; like a hand;, which: contains the. hole .29 for theicentral'pivotpin 21. This-pin 2:! has theldouble duty: of: being: the" pivot around which the feeding mechanism rotates? and. the

follower armispecifi'cally, and-of; locking: thefeecling mechanism. in place: with respect to" the recei'ven. Extending: upwards. and'to the? rear from the hand of the follower armisa finger l8; Il'iliSI the pressure: exerted. by: this finger" on the: clip.v release arm cylinder; 5 after the. ejection; of' the lastlcartridgethat causes the operati'ngrod catch. assembly I to be activated:

A..olockwisea pressure: is. constantly exertedzron' the follower arm I! by the-operating rod-spring, E5 acting through thaoperatfng rod". spring guide 70 and. the: guide link; The: operating rod spring: guide linhfiflzhas an. off-set. rear: end 13 whichiis bentllaterally' tdfit around. the follower arm I1; atits. elbow soas toengage the shoulder studiill... AtitheendJofi theioif-setportion 13 i'sza C shaped .slot .14: for engaging: the shoulder stud 22;. A.clearancer.cut l8: hasbeen made on the side of: the guide .linkforthe shoulder l1 onzthe studit. Said shoulder]? prevents. relative. lateralzmovement; Atthe: forward; end of the. guide link is; as. holealifor. thepin. 16 which. looks the guide; 18'" to: the" guide. link 69; The; latter two parts may bemadeato;bexdisassembledby thesoldierfor maintenance purposes, or may be-suitably permanently pivotally' attached,, the: latter arrangement being.- preferred. A removable pin attachment means; a: small part that may be: very easily lost in the cleaning process, or lugswhich would detractunnecessarily from the strength: of the; connection. There'is' considerable strain on this:;connection due-.to -the-.sharp change in the. line of force acting; through the guide and, the guide link;

The operating rod spring guide ii is connected to: the-guidelink 69 byumeans of thelatter fitting:- intoa bifurcated rear endofthe' guide. The forward end'of the guide is a tubular portion, either. integrallyfiormed, or. a: piece of tubing. of suit.- ablelengtlr permanently attached. The tubular portion 'H- ofsthe spring; guide acts. as a: hous ingfor the-rear end of the operating rod spring: E5- to" keep the latter in straight translatory motion; It-is of sufficient: length to extend inside the. operating rod E, evenwhen the follower armhas been rotated to its clockwise limit, thus allowing the maximum expansion of theoperatingrod spring, yetshort enough so that itdoes notinterferewitlr thesslight curve. of the operating rod.-.

The operating rod E. is the. sameas on the standardirifle. with one necessary and. one precartridge isfired. The-guidelih-lewill require the maximum length of clearance when the bolt has just started to come forward over the top of a full clip. The preferred modification is that the curved ending of the tubular portion of the operating rod be cut-01f vertically 8| to provide greater bearing surface for the spring guide when the spring is in its most compressed position and there are no rounds left in the clip, and thus to permit reducing the necessary length of the tubular portion of the spring guide.

The operating rod spring E is housed in the tubular portions of the operating rod E, and the spring guide H with the forward end of the spring pressing against the inside wall of the front end of the operating rod. The rearward pressure of the spring on the spring guide provides the driving force for activating the feeding mechanism, and the forward pressure of the spring on the operating rod provides the pressure for activating the bolt closure.

The last entirely new piece to be discussed is the clip housing 43 which is located directly in front of the trigger guard. The clip housing 43 is composed of two definite sections: A rear section of the proper width to house the lower end of the clip, and a forward section of narrower width to house the follower arm H, the clip ejector spring assembly 82, and the off-set rear end of the operating rod spring guide link 69.

The rear portion of the clip housing has two rearwardly projecting fingers 83 for locking the clip housing 43 to the trigger group B and. the receiver C. The locking shoulders C5 on the sidewalls of the receiver are modified in vertical size sufficiently to permit the sandwiching of the locking fingers 83, between the locking shoulders C5, and the upper surface of the back end of the floor plate B5 of the trigger group. The locking fingers 83 have a plan design which forms an exact duplicate of the bottom surface of the locking shoulders. When the receiver C, the clip housing 33, and the trigger group B are being assembled, a pinchers-like pressure will be exerted by the locking shoulders C5 and the upper surface of the back of the floor plate B5 on the locking fingers 83, thus preventing both rearward and vertical movement of the clip housing.

The back 8 of the clip housing is of arcuate shape with its center of curvature at point 85. Along the inner'surfaces of the sides 90 of the rear section of the clip housing is a series of three guiding grooves: the clip shoulder guide grooves 44, the clip nib guide grooves 32,-and the follower guide pin grooves 45, and the bullet guide ribs 46. These guide grooves and ribs are of arcuate design, with the center of the arcs at point 85, and are exact continuations of the guide grooves and ribs in the sides of the receive C44, C32, C35 and C43. The top edges of the sides of the rear portion of the clip housing are beveled at degrees as indicated at 86, to permit a comparatively strong lap joint between the clip housing and the side walls of the receiver.

About halfway forward, the width of the clip housing is sharply reduced, thus forming a dividing line between the forward and rear sections. Projecting inwardly from the inside surface of' the clip housing side walls 90 are two arcuate guide ribs 81 for guiding the follower arm during its rotational movement. The shoulders 9!, formed by the change in the width of the clip housing, together with'the rear surface of the guide ribs 81, form a surface which 12 is a continuation of the rear surface of the bullet guide. The guide shoulder of the clip housing and the rear surface of the bullet guide may be formed with a slight forward sweep to eliminate needless friction between them and the noses of properly aligned cartridges.

The bottom of the forward section of the clip housing slopes upward, parallel to the bottom edge of the follower arm ll when the bolt'is closed over a full clip, and extends slightly inside the stock A at the housings front edge for a relatively dirt-proof connection between the clip housin and the stock.

Immediately forward of the follower arm guide ribs 81 is the clip ejector spring lock stop 21, either integrally formed or suitably attached, and a hole (23), which receive the clip ejector spring lock pivot cylinder which rotates therein. On the outer surface of the same side of the clip housing (right hand side) are the two 10- cating spotdrills for the nib 29 on the handle 24 of the clip ejector spring lock l2. The on spotdrill 30 'is directly below the hole 23 and the off spotdrill 3| is horizontally forward of said hole. Near the top edge of the forward section of the clip housing, extending outwardly from the right hand side wall of the clip housing, and generally above the hole 23, is a projection 10! which serves to fill in the clearance cut I39 in the stock A when assembled to keep out foreign matter.

,Extending inwardly and horizontally forward from the right hand follower arm guide rib El and above the stop lug 2! and the pivot hole 23 is a supporting rib 88 which extends from said follower arm guide rib to the inclined floor of the clip housing. This rib 88 acts as a support to the follower arm against possible lateral movement which might be caused by the off-set shape of the rear end of the operating rod guide link 69. far inward to prevent friction between the follower arm and the clip ejector spring assembly 82.

In the corner formed by the right hand side and the inclined floor of the clip housing is located the clip ejector spring socket 38 which may be formed integrally, or, for greater ease in manufacturing, formed separately and then suitably attached. The socket has been previously described in connection with the clip ejector spring assembly 82, and hence, no further discussion should be necessary.

Extending inwardly along the top edges of the sides of the forward section of the clip housing are two guide lips 89 for guiding the operating rod spring guide link 69 through its path of motion. The lips 89 extend from the forward looking arms 96 on the clip housing to the front edge where they merge with the inclined floor of the clip housing. The middle locking arms 93 and the forward lookin arms 96 extend vertically from the top edges of the sides of the clip housing. They are slightly forward of the clip housing dividing line. The channel 95, between the middle 93 and the forward 96 locking arms, is filled by the ridges 91 on the forward looking extensions 94 of the receiver. The top surfaces of the arms and the bottom surfaces of the channels butt against the corresponding surfaces of the receiver extensions. In a lateral direction, the follower arm is in the middle. On both sides of the follower arm and bearing against it are the receiver extensions 94. The

The supporting rib extends sufficiently 1:3 clip housing; lockingarms are on the outsides o-fthe-extensions;

Ashculder pin sen-ts into a: hole in the forward locking arms-and in the receiver extensions-to form the forward lock. The hole is counterbored: on the outside of the. right handarnr to-receive the shoulder on the pin. The channel-ridges look helps to prevent lateral and translatcry movement, and is further aided bythe rear looking-"fingers 83 on the back of the clip housing. A hole, as shown; is-pro-vided for receiving the central pivot pin 21', said pinbeing used to lock the follower arms I? intothe receiver of ther-ifl'e. The forward looking arms prevent movement of the clip housing relativeto the receiver in all directions and are further aided by the rear locking fingered? on the back of the'clip housing.

The forward looking: extensions 94 extend downward from the receiver, directly below the chamber D2 of the-barrel D to engage themiddle 93 and forward looking arms 96 on the clip housing. There is enough room between theextensions' 94 at'their upper portion to clear the operating rod catch assembly I, and the dovetail portion of the-operating rod. The plan of the lower portions of the extensions is similar to two T"s. The heads of the Ts arethe parts that bearagainstthehand of the follower arm, and have the hole for the locking shoulder pin 98. The legsof the- Ts are the ridges 9'! which fit into thechannels 95 between the middle and forward looking arms of the clip housing, and have the counterbored hole I92 for the central pivotupin- 21; This pin 21 is a shoulder pin also. The three-counterbored holes are counterbored on the "extreme right handsurface of that part: The thickness of 'theleft hand wall of the receiver, forward of the bullet guide rib is nar-.

rower-than the righthand wall by a distance equal-to the thickness of the clip'release arm. However, this should not be carried down into theextensions. The follower'arm should belocate'd directlybelowthe center line of the bar'- rel of the rifle. The distance between the inner surfaces of the receiver extensions at the top should be equal to the sum of the width of the clip releasearm'd, the narrower rear-partofthe operating rod catch 2 and the-foot" I 4 of the bullet guide; and enough clearance to prevent binding: The operating rod catchassembly pin E2 passes entirely through both' extensions: The right-hand extension is counterbored to receive the shoulder on-the pin.

The--clip -shou-lder guide grooves C44, the clip nibguidegroovesG'BZ, the'follower guidepin grooves, and the bullet guide ribs C46 of the receiverare slightlyarcuatein' design on the stand ard 'M l rifle. The radii of curvature should be changedsothatthe center of'the arcs will be at point" 85: The length of'theportions of the side walls of the receiver-that contain said grooves andribs should be altered and. the bottom edges so-beveled'ithat'they' will engage the top beveled edgesiofttherrearsection of the clip housing, The male bevel may be made on either clip-housing orreceiver; with the corresponding female bevel onuthe,otherrpart, although asherein described thefemale-bevelis on the cliphousing. and the male bevel; is on the-receiver.

Thetrig-ger-group B, of the standard M-l riflehasbeenso modifiedthat its front surface is nowv arcuate indesign, toconform-to the arcuate back 52 of the clip. The clip ejectorspring has' been removed from the triggertgroup and placed in the clip housing, as previously described. The. floor plate 'oflthe trigger group has-been cut off to: the rear of its front surface a. distance equal to the.

' ing rogd'ispringguidelink 69 to fit into. A second clearancecut ltd, on the right hand side of the opening, is: so. located to. clear the clip ejector spring'lock handle 24 on assembly and dis-assembly, and to receivethe corresponding projection IBI on theclip housing'when assembled.

The following'is adescription of the functioning ofithem'o'di-fied UnitedStates rifle M-1 of'the invention. corresponding to the description ofthe functioning of thestandard. United States M-l appearing earlier. herein.

Starting. withthemodifiedrifle in the position that. the parts assume immediately after the last-- cartridge in" the. clip has been fired and ejected, and the: expendable. clip has been ejected, the

boltitand'. operating rod tandem will; be locked to" the-.reatr the operating. rod catch dovet'aiF 6' engaging the operating rod dovetail E3. The follower. 68 andislideG. have risen totheir highestipointnnd'er' thetpressure of the operating-rod spring EElacting: through the operating rod spring guide 1.0;;the guide link 69, the follower arm I I, and; the follower arm link 63. The clipejector spring: lock I.2.-'is. inv the off position.

Asa new; full clip 39 isloaded into the top of the I'GCElVfilTC, the bcttomlcartridge engages: the laterally movable slide G on the follower 69" and cams; it. either right or left, depending on the displacement of said: cartridge. After camming.

iscompleted, the follower 6 0 and slide G are depressed; causing a counter-clockwise rotation of the'ifollowerarm. i2? and" link 63' about the centrat piVOt'JZI, causing: the-operating rod spring E5 to beicompressed' by. the operating rod spring guiderTU andlink (59 being movedforward. As

the follower arm 11' is rotated, the finger [8 on it disengages the cylindrical part 5 of the clip re'- leasezarmtd; thus freeing the clip release arm t so that: it can rotate about the operating rod catch assembly pin E2 at the proper time. When the cli'phasbeen insertedto the proper depth, thecliplatch Ffiiwill'engage inthe notch Win the left hand guide rib 5fi ofthe clip. Thenotcli is of? suflicient" length so thatthe bolt-may be closed without feeding a cartridge into the cham ber'byrsimply manually depressing the clip=the necessary additional distance and permittingthe' bolt toclose over the top of the clip; Theclip has been so designed thatitmay be inserted either 'end downwards. engage the clip; when the latter is fully inserted,-

under pressure from the cliplatch spring. The" clip latch'arm'projection F2, extending through the hole Czin the left hand side of the receiver, is engaged in the slot 1 in the rear ofthe clip release arm 4. As'the clip latch F4 engages the clip, the clip latch arm F is rotated about its longitudinal pivot; by; pressure from the: clip latch spring. As theclip latch arm F is rotated} it causes the clip release arm 4' also to be rotated.

in a-clockwise direction; so that the clip -release The clip latch FEW-ill arm cylinder 5 is moved away from the bottom surface of the operating rod catch 2. The latter is held in its upward position by the frictional pressure exerted on the engaging dovetail surfaces of the operating rod E3 and catch 6. The operating rod is continuously under a forward pressure exerted on it by the compressed operating rod spring E5. Said spring also exerts a continuous rearward pressure on the feeding mechanism which causes the latter to be rotated clockwise as the cartridges are stripped from the top of the clip. During the last portion of the downward movement of the clip, the lower, front edge of the follower 60 will bear against the clip ejector spring 28 depressing it. The spring will then be exerting an upward pressure on the follower, as a booster to the operating rod spring pressure. When the clip latch F4 engages the notch M] in the left hand guide rib 54 of the clip, the clip locking action is completed.

The locking of the clip in the receiver is completely automatic. However, the releasing of the bolt and operating rod tandem is manually accomplished. To close the bolt H, a slight rearward pull must be exerted on the operating rod handle E l by the soldier. The lug H2 on the right hand side of the bolt H engages in a small recess E6 in the left hand side of the rear portion of the operating rod. The handle itself is a thorn-like projection on the right hand side of the rear portion of the rod. The rear portion of the operating rod extends forward and downward along the right hand side of the rifle until it reaches the dovetail E3 where it bends to the left to the center line of the rifle. portion of the operating rod E is tubular and housesthe operating rod spring E5, as shown.

The length of the pull for manually disengaging the operating rod E from the catch 2 must be sufficient to permit the disengaging of the dovetail surfaces E3 and 6 and to permit the operating rod catch 2 to move clockwise about its pin E2, under pressure exerted by the catch spring 3 on the top of the catch. The catch will rotate until-it comes into contact with the top of the clip release arm cylinder 5. The downward movement of the catch is far enough to clear the dovetail E3 on the operating rod E during the latters translatory oscillations. By releasing the locking action between the operating rod and the operating rod catch, the bolt and operating rod tandem will be free to move forward which they will do under the forward pressure exerted by the operating rod spring. As the bolt moves forward, it will strip the topmost cartridge from the clip and seat it in the chamber D2, unless the clip has been held depressed until the bolt has started to ride over the top of the topmost cartridge. In this latter case, the bolt must be manually pulled to the rear and then released in order to seat the first cartridge in the chamber. With a cartridge seated in the chamber, the rifle is ready to be fired. 'Ilhe improved feeding mechanism does not interfere. in any way, with the firing of a cartridge, with its automatic extraction and ejection, with the automatic seating of a new cartridge in the chamber. or with the automatic oscillatory movement of the bolt and operating rod tandem during the firing of all except the first and last cartridges in the clip.

The front ill The operations leading up to the actual firing of the first cartridge have just been described. When the last cartridge has been seated in the chamber by the bolt, the feeding mechanism will have rotated clockwise until the slide G on the follower 60 is in contact with the bottom surface of the bolt H. At this time, the follower and slide will have been moved up inside the clip 39, with the follower arm I! and link 63 also partially inside. The parts that participate in the rotary motion are: the follower 60 and slide G, the follower arm I? and link 63; with the operating rod spring E5, spring guide HI, and spring guide link 69 participating in a generally translatory motion in cooperation with said rotary motion.

The clip ejector spring 28 was in contact with the front, bottom edge of the follower during the firing of the first couple of cartridges, acting as a booster spring to augment pressure of the operating rod spring on the feeding mechanism. After the third cartridge has been seated in the chamber, the lateral projection 50 at the rear end of the ejector spring 28 contacts the lower, right hand retaining lip 42 of the clip, preparatory to ejecting the clip from the receiver at the proper time.

The finger [8 on the follower arm IT, at the time that the last cartridge has been seated in the chamber, will be in contact with the cylinder 5 on the clip release arm 4, but will not be applying any pressure thereon. When the bolt H is automatically moved to its rear position, the follower slide G rises up in front of the bolt face, permitting the final clockwise rotation of the feeding mechanism. This final rotation of the follower arm I! causes its finger 18 to cam the cylinder 5 of the clip release arm 4 upwards. thus rotating the operating rod catch assembly i in a counter-clockwise direction about its pivot pin E2. As the clip release arm 4 is rotated. it causes a related rotation of the clip latch assembly F, resulting in the disengaging of the clip latch F4 from the notch 40 in the side of the clip, and freeing the clip for automatic ejection, said ejection being immediately accomplished by the clip ejector spring 28. Simultaneously with the release of the clip from the clip latch, the counter-clockwise rotation of the operating rod catch 2 has caused its dovetail portion 6 to rise up and engage the dovetail E3 of the operating rod, thus locking the operating rod and bolt tandem to the rear. The rotation also causes a slight compression of the operating rod catch spring. At this point, the rifle is cleared of all cartridges and the empty clip, completing the normal firing cycle.

The clip ejector spring lock may be rotated from the off to the on position at any time previous to the firing of the last cartridge to obtain a special firing cycle. If the lock is rotated before the firing of the third cartridge, the bar 26 on the inside of the clip housing 43 will be interposed between the stop lug 21 on the inside of the clip housing 43 and the clip ejector spring 28, thus preventing the spring from contacting the lower right hand retaining lip of the clip, and holding the spring in an inoperative position upon completion of the springs booster action against the follower. If the lock is rotated after the firing of the third cartridge, it will press the clip ejector spring downwards, out of contact with the clip, and will hold it there. The lock bar has been set at a slight angle to the rear of the vertical in'the on position so that all pressure exerted on it by the spring will cause a firmer retaining of the lock in the on position. See Fig. 1 for on position and Figs. 2 and 3 for off position. I 7

After the last cartridge has been fired, the

clip remains in the rifle.

17 final clockwise rotary movement will take place, as previously described, with all its resulting actions except for the automatic ejection of the empty clip. The clip latch F4 will diseng ge the clip 39, but the clip will not be ejected because there will be no upward pressure exerted on the clip, due to the clip ejector spring locks blocking of the ejection motion of the spring. The clip will be retained by its. own dead weight, as an integral part of the weapon instead of being expendable.

rotation will cause the clip release arm to be If the solider desires to make an empty clip become an integral part of the weapon,.he may do so by rotating the clip ejector spring lock [2 to the on position, opening the bolt, and sliding the clip downwards into place in the receiver.

It should be noted that the lock-may be manually rotated to either on or oif position at any time, regardless of whether or not there is a clip, either empty, partially full, .or full, in the receiver. Caution should be exercised by the soldier in rotating the look from on to io'ft when there is an empty clip in the receiver and the bolt is open, since a sudden rotation might result in enough of a snap action by the ejector spring to cause the clip to be suddenly thrown out of the receiver.

It will now be described how this invention permits loading of less than the full capacity number of cartrid es into eit er an empty or a partially empty clip, or the full number of cartridges into an empty clip. The first case is of an empty, retained clip. With the bolt locked in the open position, the cartridges may be loaded one at a time into the clip until it is filled. The first cartridge loaded will cam the follower slide either right or left, and subsequent cartridges will automatically arrange themselves in a staggered, double row arrangement. As the cartridges are loaded, the follower and slide will be depressed, causing the counter-clockwise rotation previously described in connection with the insertion of a new, full clip into the receiver. It will bev remembered that the clip latch action was independent of the operating rod action. The reason for this partially automatic, partially manual replacement of the completely automatic action of the operating rod catch assembly of the standard U. S. M-l rifle will now be obvious. .With the fully automatic bolt closure, only one cartridge could be loaded before the bolt snappedforward. After the desired number of cartridges have been loaded into the retained clip of the modified rifle, the bolt and operating rodtandem are manually released, as has been previously described- The second case is that of loading one or more cartridges into a, partially-filled clip while the Rotate the cliaeiector sprin lock to the on position. The bolt and operating rod tandem are manually drawn to the rear by a pull on the operating rod handle. This will cause the extraction and ejection of the unspent cartridge in the chamber and the soldier should retract the handle with; his right hand while holding his left hand over the receiver of the rifle to interce t t e unused cartridge as it is ejected. The rifle may be cradled inhis' lap in order to free both hands. His left thumb should be placed against the clip latch thumb space on the clip latch. arm so that it can be manually rotated at the proper time. When the bolt has been fully retracted, the unused 7 cartridge will be ejected against the palm of the left hand. With the left hand still in place, the clip latch arm is rotated by the left thumb. The

rotated counterclockwise, in tur sin the operating rod catch to. be rotated counter-clockwise so that its dovetail. will engage the dovetail on the operating rod. and will lock the operating rod and bolt tandem to the rear; The rotation of the clip latch arm will cause the release of the clip from the clip latch. so that the clip latch arm should be released as soon asthe operating rod is locked in place. The clip will have risen slightly under the influence of the upward-pressure of the follower and slide on the bottom of the stack of cartridges. Before the lefthandis removed, theclip should bepressed' back down into its latched position. The. ejected, unused cartridge may now be reloaded into the clip along with the des r d number f cartrid s t h loaded.. Ifhe bo t is then manually released. as pr viously described. 7

The maximum number" of ca tr dges that may be loaded into a rifle at one time is one more than the full capacity of the clip. A full. clip is loaded into the receiver and another cartridgemls manually loaded into the chamber. The bolt is then permitted to close over the top of the topmost cartridge in th clip and engage the cartridge in the chamber. A pull on the trigger will then fire the cartrid e in the chamber start n the firing cycle.

The improved feeding. mechanism w l e heavier and bulkier than the standard ei h round clip feeding mechanism. ,Mostof the additional weight is due to the increased load of cartridges (an increase of asi-is most of the additional bulk. Actualflfi'ring' test'si using a wooden mock-up attached to a standard M-l rifle, have proven that the additional bulk in {no way interferes with the firing of-the weaponin any position.

The major advantages of a magazine over a clip have been that the magazine can'be made to carry an appreciably larger number. of cartridges than the standard. .clip, and that-the magazine can be partially loaded} whereas the standard clip mustbe fully loaded. The maior advantages of the clip over the magazine areithat the clip can be manufactured more economically and therefore can be considered. expendable; that even after long periodsof storing fully-loaded clips, they operate equally-well as newly-loaded clips. Along these same principles and .on; the disadvantage side of the-magazine are that-long periods of storage of fully-loaded -magaz;ines usually results in a weakening of thebuilt i-n follower spring (the upward-pressure of the :follower spring in the magazine corresponds to the rearward pressure of theoperating redspring-in V clip-loaded rifles), and theqcomparatively high magazine while ellminatingqthe disadvantages of the two.

The need for a larger clip clan be seenfrom the increased emphasis on fully-automatic shoulder weapons of approximately twenty round .is ejected with the spring lock is in the the last round has been j 'rear, open position the emptying of a 7 point, the soldier may elect to consider the empty from .30 caliber magazines are interchangeable with ammunition for the .30 caliber M-l rifle. During the course of a battle, a soldier will sometimes happen on some unused .30 caliber ammunition. In order to use these in his own standard rifle, he must either have the exact number to fill a clip, or he must manually load them, one at a time, into the chamber. -Furtherin jungle areas, a. clip that force of the standard'M-l more, when fighting rifle may very easily become lost so that. the

soldier may not have a clip to reload should be .be lucky enough to find some unused .30 caliber ammunition.

With an eight cartridge clip, he has a fair chance of picking up enough ammunition to fill one or more clips. With a twenty cartridge clip, v

capacity which. to date, have had to rely on 5; jmagaz'ines exclusively. During the war soldiers in the Pacific were having magazines welded into their rifles in order to increase their capacity.

his changes are much poorer. However, with the improved feeding mechanism, which includes the new, semi-automatic operating rod catch assembly, he does not have to pick up any specific number of cartridges. Also he can immediately load them into the retained clip, if it is partially empty, thus eliminating most of the danger 'of losing any loose cartridges that he may be carrying in his pockets.

,Even though the modified rifie is designed specifically to use a twenty-round, curved back in the guide rib of the clip, exactly as it does on the standard M-l rifle, since the relation between The clip latch exi However, since there are sev-" these two standard parts has not been changed:

in the modifying process. After the clip has been properly seated in the receiver, the modified rifle will operate in the same manner as it "does with a twenty-round clip in the receiver and'the clip ejector spring lock rotated into the "on",position. The eight-round clip is enough shorter than the twenty-round clip so that its lower, right-hand retaining lip will not contact the clip ejector spring,' regardless of whether the on or off position. After fired from the standard the bolt will be automatically locked in its b'y a train of action similar twenty-round clip. At this eight-round clip as either expendable, or integral. If he elects the expendable option, he must manually remove the clip by inserting a finger under an upper retaining lip and pulling the clip from the receiver. If he elects the integral option, he may immediately proceed to refill the clip in a manner similar to refilling an integral, twenty-round clip.

, An additional preventative from dirt stoppages essary for the loading of and an infallible safety device resides in the possibility of the soldiers being able to close the bolt with a full clip in the receiver and still not seat a cartridge in the chamber. The elongation of the clip latch notches in the sides of the clip together with the extra-long guide grooves and ribs in the sides of the clip housing permit the manual depression of the clip suificiently far to allow the bolt to ride over the top of the topmost cartridge in the clip. With the bolt closed on an empty chamber, there is no possible way for a cartridge to be accidently fired. A single, manual oscillation of the bolt and operating rod tandem, as has been previously described, will seat a cartridge in the chamber and set the rifle for immediate firing. When the bolt is closed, as just described, it acts as a dust cover to prevent dust and dirt from entering the receiver from the top, and thus causing stoppages. These two .advantages will be of particular help to the officers and men .While on the firing ranges.

The semi-automatic action of the operating rod catch-assembly, thus far shown as being neca retained clip, has other advantages. It eliminates the danger of the soldiers sustaining an M-l thumb during the loading of a fresh clip into the receiver, and it permits the loading of a fresh clip into the receiver while the soldier is wearing gloves.

The possibility of sustaining an M-l thumb" was previously discussed, during the discussion on the operation of the standard M-l rifie. This danger is eliminated in the semi-automatic catch assembly by the locking of the bolt to the rear until it is manually released instead of the automatic releasing action of the standard rifle. The same hand that is used to insert the clip is used to release the bolt, and therefore the thumb must be clear of the bolt before the latter moves forward.

The second advantage of the semi-automatic action of the catch. asembly is that it permits the soldier to load a fresh clip into the receiver even while he is wearing gloves. This has been fully discussed at the begining of this discussion and a reference back to that point should suffice.

The advantages of this improved feeding mechanism can be further utilized by the use of a cartridge retainer in place of a cartridge clip when the soldier does not have an empty clip. The retainer may be carried in a pocket in the rear end of the stock, as are the tool and the cleaning tube, when not in use.

The retainer H34 consists of two forwardly Drojecting arms m5 and a connecting back piece Hit. The two forwardly projecting arms I05 of the retainer [04 are exact duplicates of the retaining lips 4| of the clip 39 and of sufiicient size to give suitable, stiffness to them. The small side portions of the retainer do not have friction spaces 55, off-vertical ejection nibs 56, or cartridge extracting neck ribs 51 as the clip does. The back piece I06 does not have the friction ribs 53 that the clip back does. The sides do not have the same cut-away portions 58 as does the clip. The back piece does have the same cut-away portion 59 for the bolt to operate in as does the clip. On the sides of the retainer, near their back edge, are two outwardly projecting guide ribs I08 for engaging in the clip guide grooves C44. The left hand rib has a clip latch notch I01 for engaging the clip latch finger F 5. The arcuate shape of the back and sides of the clip need not be carried over to the retainer because of the short length of the corresponding retainer parts. The guide power or the. remainingeleven men. It iscxpected that, the modified rifle-would be classified as? a. combat Weapon. exclusively;v just asthe BAR now is. The similarity between. the standard riflev and the modified rifle would necessitate 1 only a, very smallamount oi additional. training.

can load' upjto the capacity of a clip into thereceiver of the rifle.

With the-bolt in the open position and locked in place, asit will be immediately after the firing of the last cartridge from an expendable clip, the rifle isready for the retainer. The retainer is inserted into the receiver of the rifle from the top, the same as a clip would be. The guide ribs of the retainer will engage the guide grooves of "the receiver, and the clip latch notch will engage the clip latch, locking the retainer in position in the receiver. With the retainer so locked the cartridges may be inserted directly into the receiver. The cartridges will be retained to the rear, by the rear wall of the clip housing and the front-of the trigger group; to the bottom of the follower and slide; to the sides by the sides of the clip housing and the sides of the receiver; to the front, by the bullet guide and the bullet guide shoulders of the clip housing; and to the top, by the retainer.

the clip latch arm on the left hand side of the receiver, when the bolt is in locked open position, and lifting the retainer out of the receiver. The retainer will be made of suitable spring metal, of fsufiicient thickness and strength to withstandfthe pressures applied to it. The bot tom edge of the back and sides is beveled to pro: vide for greater ease in camrning the cartridges into the comparatively narrow space between the sides of the retainer as they are fed upwards from the wider receiver.

Let us suppose that a soldier has been using his clips in their expendable capacity, and that, due to the .heat of the battle, has not kept track of how many clips he has used up. Let us further, suppose that sometime during the firing of his last clip, he comes across some loose .30 caliber ammunition. Without the retainer,

- he would load the ammunition directly into the clip in the'receiver, and put as many additional cartridges in his pocket as he could carry. This would give him a maximum of twenty-one rounds at rapid fire, before he would have to take time out to reload the clip. With the retainer, he could remove the clip from the rifle during a lull in the battle, reload it and put it in his belt for emergency use. Then he would insert the retainer into the receiver and load the rifle with twenty cartridges. In this way, he would have forty cartridges that he could fire oii in rapid fashion, with onlya slight pause to load the clip.

The retainer can be removed by pressing in on the thumb piece of The retainer is not intended to detract in any way from' the advantages of a retained clip,- but rather to decrease the possibility that the soldier will have to resort to having to load individual cartridges into the 'chamber of the rifle. It is obvious that hand loading of a rifle during battle is to be avoided whenever possible.

.The modified rifle is not intended as a completely all-around weapon; that is, good for both garrison and combat utility. At present, every infantry squad of twelve men is equipped with one Browning automatic rifle to increase its firepower. It is believed that the replacing of M-l rifles with modified rifles would double the fireinassembly, disassembly,.,and maintenanca The standard; rifleis' expected to be used for garriv sorrduty and during thexinitial. phases ofv traininga recruit because of its lighter; weight.- and slightly less cumbersomeness- The-soldier wouldbe introduced. to. and instructed about themodifled. rifle immediately" after receiving a thorough.

basic knowledge of. the standard M-1. and before heis. advanced to the BAR. From then on, his assignment of a rifle would depend exclusively on whether or not the additional fire-power of the modified rifle would mean the difference between his life or death.

The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific mechanisms shown and described but departures may be made therefrom, within the scope of the accompanying claims, without departing from the principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.

What is claimed is:

1. In a rifle of the U. S. Army M-1 or Garand type, in combination a bolt and operating rod, a clip for holding a number of cartridges, means for holding the bolt and operating rod in retracted position when said clip is inserted in loading position, means for manually releasing said bolt and rod, means for ejecting the clip when empty, and optionally-settable means movable to hold the empty clip in the rifle with said bolt and operating rod holding means holding said bolt in retracted position whereby reloading thereof may be efiected while the bolt is in retracted position.

2. In a rifle of the U. S. Army M-l or Garand type, in combination a clip for holding a number of cartridges substantially greater than eight, a bolt, an operating rod, linkage actuated by said operating rod for feeding cartridges through the clip into the path of the bolt, means for ejecting the clip when empty, and optionally operable means for restraining action of the ejecting means for retaining the emptied clip in the rifle, means for holding the bolt in a retracted position whereby the clip is capable of being reloaded when so retained;

3. -In a rifle of the U. S. Army M-l or Garand type, in combination a clip for holding a number of cartridges substantially greater than eight, means for ejecting the clip when empty, optionally operable means for retaining the emptied clip in the rifle, a bolt, and means for holding the bolt in retracted position when the clip is retained.

4. In a rifle of the U. S. Army M-l or Garand type, in combination a bolt and operating rod, a cartridge clip, means for retaining the clip in the rifle after it has been emptied, and manually releasable means for holding the bolt in retracted position while said clip is retained, said bolt holding means being optionally effective also when the clip is partially empty.

5. In a rifle of the U. S. Army M-l or Garand type, in combination a cartridge clip positioned in the rifle receiver, a receiver, power-operated means for feeding cartridges from the clip to the rifle chamber, a clip-ejecting devicenormally operable to eject the clip from the receiver when 23 it has been emptied, and a manually settable lock-to prevent ejection of the empty clip.

6. In a rifle of the U. S. Army M-1 or Garand type, in combination, a bolt, a receiver, a clip for holding about twenty rounds seatable in the receiver, an automatically operated follower for feeding cartridges from the clip into the path of the bolt, a clip-ejecting spring, said spring having cooperative engagement with the follower to act as a booster during a portion of the movement of the follower, and selectively operable means for restrainingisaid spring from ejecting the clip, said means 'being positioned to permit limited initial movement of said spring whereby it remains free to actas such booster.

RICHARD G. WALLENHORST.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Garand June 5, 1945 

